outcome (of study)

A description of the overall results of the study.

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open-label

A type of study where participants and research staff know which treatment participants are being given.

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off-label

The use of a treatment in a different way or for a condition other than what it is approved for.

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odds ratio

The chance of a health event happening in one group compared with the chance of the same event happening in another group.

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occasionally

Once in a while.

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observe

To watch or see how participants are doing in a study.

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observational study

A study that collects health information about study participants without giving a treatment.

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objective

A purpose or goal of a study.

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non-inferiority trial

A study to test if a study treatment works about as well as another treatment for the same condition.

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non-compliance

Not following research requirements.

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